Tutorial 04 for Arduino: Analog Inputs

Tutorial 03 for Arduino: Electrical Engineering Basics

Tutorial 02 for Arduino: Buttons, PWM, and Functions

Tutorial 01 for Arduino: Getting Acquainted with Arduino

” A physics workshop for students of Delhi Public School ” by Prof Arthur Eisenkraft

A physics workshop for students of Delhi Public School, East, Bangalore by Prof Arthur Eisenkraft . 12th Jan 2017.   About Speaker : Arthur Eisenkraft, PhD, is one of America’s leading science educators. For 25 years, he taught high school physics and was a 6-12 science coordinator. He was past president of the National Science Teacher Association and was chair of the Science Academic Advisory Committee of the College Board. He is project director of the NSF-supported Active Physics curriculum project that is introducing physics instruction for the first time to all students and leading a similar effort with Active…

Human Eye

The human eye belongs to a general group of eyes found in nature called “camera-type eyes.” Instead of film, the human eye focuses light onto a light sensitive membrane called the retina.   The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract depending on the amount of light entering the eye.  

Spherical Mirrors

The image formed by any mirror is located either where the reflected light converges, or where the reflected light appears to diverge from.   A spherical mirror is simply a piece cut out of a reflective sphere. Its center of curvature, C, is the center of the sphere it was cut from. R, the mirror’s radius of curvature is the radius of the sphere. The focal point F (the point where parallel rays are focused) is located half the distance from the mirror to the center of curvature. The focal length, f, is: focal length of a spherical mirror :…

Reflection of Sound

Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves.   When sound travels in a given medium, it strikes the surface of another medium and bounces back in some other direction, this phenomenon is called the reflection of sound. The waves are called the incident and reflected sound waves.   First Law of Reflection: The incident wave, the reflected wave, and the normal at the point of incidence lie on…

One Dimensional Motion

By one dimension, one means motion along a line, or in one particular direction. Think of a car going down a straight road, or a person running on a straight track.   Types of Motion: 1.Translational :An example is a car traveling on a highway. 2.Rotational :An example is the Earth’s spin on its axis. 3.Vibrational :An example is the back-and-forth movement of a pendulum.   The object’s position is its location with respect to a chosen reference point.  

Magnetism

Magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion in and around a material. Magnetism is present is all materials but at such low levels that it is not easily detected. Certain materials such as magnetite, iron, steel, nickel, cobalt and alloys of rare earth elements, exhibit magnetism at levels that are easily detectable.  

Gravitational Force

Gravitational force is not a force of contact. Any object on the Earth or at least close to Earth, will experience a gravitational force. It is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it is the dominant force in the universe for shaping the large scale structure of galaxies, stars, etc.   Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is used to explain gravitational force .The law can be explained as : Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two…

Archimedes Principle

Archimedes Principle states that the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the object.   Through the video, we can learn: 1. When a body is partly or completely immersed in water, it loses weight. 2. A body loses its maximum weight when it is completely immersed in water. 3. When a body is partly or completely in water then:   Loss in weight of the body = Weight of water displaced by the body = Buoyant Force or up-thrust exerted by water on the body.   Volume of…

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Newton’s first law of motion states that: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.   This law is really only a definition of force. It says that when a body is acted upon by an external resultant force it will accelerate. An object resting will remain at rest, permanently, so long as nothing pushes or even pulls onto it. An object within motion will remain in motion, driving a straight line, eternally, till something forces or…

Sound- Production and Propagation

Sound is produced due to vibration of different objects. Sound travels as a longitudinal wave through a material medium.Sound travels as successive compressions and rarefactions in the medium. In sound propagation, it is the energy of the sound that travels and not the particles of the medium. Sound cannot travel in vacuum.  

Plant Tissues

These tissues can be simple, consisting of a single cell type, or complex, consisting of more than one cell type. Above and beyond tissues, plants also have a higher level of structure called plant tissue systems. There are three types of tissue systems: dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue systems.   In plants the tissues that transport things around the plant are called xylem and phloem.  

Animal Tissues

Tissue is a group of cells having similar origin, structure& function. They are integrated group of similar cells that perform a common function and combine to form organs.Study of tissues is called Histology.   In unicellular organism (Amoeba) single cell performs all basic functions, whereas in multi-cellular organisms (Plants and Animals) shows division of labor as Plant tissue & Animal tissues.   Animals have four main categories of tissues: 1. epithelial tissue, 2. connective tissue, 3. muscle tissue, and 4. nervous tissue  

Living and Non Living Beings

The living world is rich in variety. Millions of plants and animals have been identified and described but a large number still remains unknown. The very range of organisms in terms of size, colour, habitat, physiological and morphological features make us seek the defining characteristics of living organisms.  

Rutherford’s Model of Atoms

The Rutherford model of the atom was simplified in a well known symbol showing electrons circling around the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. This symbol became popular and has been used by various organizations around the world as a symbol for atoms and atomic energy in general.   In 1908, Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the transmutation of elements and the chemistry of radioactive material.   The element ‘rutherfordium’ was named in Rutherford’s honor.  

Functional Groups

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. I